[1]杜方华,崔世君.我国医疗人工智能风险分级制度研究 ——以欧盟《人工智能法案》为借鉴[J].卫生经济研究,2025,42(09):24-28.
 DU Fanghua,CUI Shijun.Study on Medical Artificial Intelligence Risk Grading System in China ——An Analysis based on the EU Artificial Intelligence Act[J].Journal Press of Health Economics Research,2025,42(09):24-28.
点击复制

我国医疗人工智能风险分级制度研究
——以欧盟《人工智能法案》为借鉴

卫生经济研究[ISSN:1004-7778/CN:33-1056/F]

卷:
42
期数:
2025年09期
页码:
24-28
栏目:
他山之石
出版日期:
2025-08-28

文章信息/Info

Title:
Study on Medical Artificial Intelligence Risk Grading System in China
——An Analysis based on the EU Artificial Intelligence Act
作者:
杜方华1崔世君1
1.延安大学政法与公共管理学院,陕西 延安 716000
Author(s):
DU Fanghua CUI Shijun
School of Political Science and Public Administration, Yan'an University, Yan'an Shaanxi 716000, China
关键词:
人工智能法案医疗器械权利风险潜在风险分级标准
Keywords:
artificial intelligence act medical devices rights risks potential risks Grading Standards
分类号:
R19
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
我国传统医疗器械分级制度的规制目标是保障器械使用的安全性与有效性,主要考量产品风险因素。人工智能在医疗应用场景下表现出一些新的风险特征,我国现有制度对医疗人工智能的分级指导存在规范体系混乱、分级标准不太合理等问题。欧盟《人工智能法案》的分级治理经验可供借鉴,但需结合我国国情作出调整。在医疗人工智能规范体系制定中,应建立“硬法”与“软法”结合的二元法体系,引入基本权利风险因素并考量潜在风险程度,实现医疗人工智能风险的科学合理分级。
Abstract:
The regulatory objective of traditional medical device grading system in China is to ensure the safety and efficacy of device use, primarily considering the product risk factors brought by the devices. However, artificial intelligence (AI) exhibits some new risk characteristics in medical application scenarios, and the existing system in China has issues such as a chaotic regulatory framework and unscientific grading standards for medical AI. In response, the grading governance experience of the EU's Artificial Intelligence Act can be used for reference, but the grading system should be adjusted and innovated based on the national conditions of our country. In the innovation of the regulatory system, it is necessary to establish dual legal system combining "hard law" and "soft law", introduce basic rights risk factors, and consider potential risk levels, so as to achieve a scientific and rational risk grading of medical AI.

参考文献/References:

[1] 丁晓东.全球比较下的我国人工智能立法[J].比较法研究,2024(04):51-66.
[2] 宋华琳.人工智能立法中的规制结构设计[J].华东政法大学学报,2024(05):6-20.
[3] 邱英鹏,吴迪,肖月,等.我国人工智能医疗技术定义和分类思考[J].医学信息学杂志,2023,44(10):11-15.
[4] 朱非.《人工智能法(学者建议稿)》发布[N].上海法治报,2024-03-20(B02).
[5] 韩成芳.医疗人工智能领域个人健康数据保护的困境及其破解[J].科技与法律(中英文),2024(01):54-60.
[6] C Sackett,D Harper,A Pavez."Do We Dare Use Generative AI for Mental Health?"[J].IEEE Spectrum,2024,61(06):42-47.
[7] 崔爽,张强,李诏宇,等.国产机器人从实验室走向手术台[N].科技日报,2023-09-14(005).
[8] 李兴臣.人工智能医疗服务的法律责任[J].医学与法学,2018,10(04):8-12.
[9] 欧盟委员会.医疗人工智能的应用、风险以及伦理与社会影响解读[EB/OL].(2023-05-07)[2024-09-04].https://mp. weixin.qq.com/s/GQ75XEReEeQvc2VC9PL4aA.
[10] 张健有.医疗器械安全性与可靠性评估方法研究[J].医学论坛,2024,6(03):141-148.
[11] Handley J L,Krevat S A,Fong A,et al.Artificial intelligence related safety issues associated with FDA medical device reports[J].npj Digital Medicine,2024,7:351-363.
[12] 姜建清.人工智能在信贷风险管理领域的应用[J].新金融,2024(08):4-7.
[13] 陈兴莉,赵玉娟,赵燕.高频电刀临床使用风险管理探讨[J].中国药物警戒,2013,10(05):303-305.
[14] Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition.Artificial intelligence and unfair competition-unveiling an underestimated building block of the AI regulation landscape[R].Munich:Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition Research Paper, 2020.
[15] 郑文琦.全球人工智能治理中的风险及其应对[C]//2024世界智能产业博览会人工智能安全治理主题论坛论文集.中国网络空间安全协会人工智能安全治理专委会,2024.
[16] 江海洋,魏书敏.基于风险的通用人工智能监管—从欧盟《人工智能法案》视角展开[J].科技与法律(中英文),2024(02):88-97.
[17] Cohen T,Suzor N P.Contesting the public interest in AI governance[J].Internet Policy Review,2024,13(03):1349-1350.
[18] 刘辉,雷崎山.生成式人工智能的数据风险及其法律规制[J].重庆邮电大学学报(社会科学版),2024,36(04):40-51.
[19] 廖中举.个体风险感知研究:内涵、测量范式、影响因素及其作用机制[J].人类工效学,2015,21(05):80-83.
[20] 宋杨杨,陈校云,胡可慧,等.我国医疗人工智能的社会认知现状调查分析[J].中国数字医学,2019,14(03):81-84.

相似文献/References:

[1]孔维政,贾宇飞,姜 来,等.多层次医疗保障体系下高值医疗器械保障机制的探索[J].卫生经济研究,2022,39(10):20.
 KONG Weizheng,JIA Yufei,JIANG Lai,et al.Exploration of High-Value Medical Equipment Compensation in the Context of Multi-Level Medical System[J].Journal Press of Health Economics Research,2022,39(09):20.

更新日期/Last Update: 2025-08-28