[1]高薇涵,邓 勇.博弈与协同:医保、患者、药企三方平衡机制构建研究[J].卫生经济研究,2026,43(06):15-19,24.
 GAO Weihan,DENG Yong.Multiple Interest Game and Synergy: A Study on the Construction of a Tripartite Balance Mechanism Among Health Insurance, Patients and Pharmaceutical Enterprises[J].Journal Press of Health Economics Research,2026,43(06):15-19,24.
点击复制

博弈与协同:医保、患者、药企三方平衡机制构建研究

卫生经济研究[ISSN:1004-7778/CN:33-1056/F]

卷:
43
期数:
2026年06期
页码:
15-19,24
栏目:
理论研究
出版日期:
2026-06-03

文章信息/Info

Title:
Multiple Interest Game and Synergy: A Study on the Construction of a Tripartite Balance Mechanism Among Health Insurance, Patients and Pharmaceutical Enterprises
作者:
高薇涵1邓 勇1
1.北京中医药大学人文学院,北京 102401
Author(s):
GAO Weihan DENG Yong
School of Humanities, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102401, China
关键词:
医保可持续发展博弈协同药品准入机制医保基金安全
Keywords:
sustainable development of health insurance game theory synergy drug access mechanism security of health insurance funds
分类号:
R19
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
当前,我国已构建起覆盖全民的医疗保障体系,但仍面临医保、患者、药企三方利益失衡的挑战。基于博弈模型,可构建医保、患者、药企三方平衡机制,包括创新非常规药品医保准入机制、完善药品全生命周期质量追溯体系、保障医保药品和创新药品合理占比、缩小医疗保障水平与患者预期差距、平衡药企盈利需求与医保控费压力。研究表明,通过建立科学合理的价值评估框架、完善多元支付体系、创新费用分担机制,形成医保与医药的有效协同,实现医保基金安全、患者需求满足、医药产业创新的最优均衡和三方共赢。
Abstract:
At present, China has initially constructed universal health security system, but it still faces the challenge of an imbalance of interests among health insurance, patients, and pharmaceutical enterprises. Based on game theory models, a tripartite balancing mechanism involving health insurance, patients, and pharmaceutical enterprises can be established, including innovating the health insurance access mechanism for non-conventional drugs, perfecting the drug quality traceability system throughout the entire lifecycle, ensuring a reasonable proportion of reimbursed drugs and innovative drugs, narrowing the gap between healthcare coverage levels and patient expectations, and balancing the profit needs of pharmaceutical enterprises with the cost-control pressures of health insurance. The study shows that effective synergy between health insurance and the pharmaceutical industry can be achieved through establishing a scientific and reasonable value assessment framework, improving a diversified payment system, and innovating cost-sharing mechanisms, which will realize an optimal equilibrium and a win-win outcome for all three parties, including health insurance fund security, patient demand satisfaction, and pharmaceutical industry innovation.

参考文献/References:

[1] 刘国中强调:加快医药创新发展 更好保障人民健康[EB/OL].(2025-07-10)[2025-08-25].https://www.xinhuanet.com/20250710/ 48cb281511de4c26b58326aa2b765be8/c.html.
[2] Pakdaman M, Shafiei M, Geravandi S, et al.The interaction between insurance organizations and health system: the Insurance mechanism based on Game Theory[J]. Journal of Community Health Research, 2019, 8(01): 18-28.
[3] 金雨婷,杨帆,邵蓉.医保药品支付标准与采购价的差额产生机制及其归属问题研究[J].中国卫生政策研究,2018,11(03):51-55.
[4] 刘凯,和经纬.医药卫生体制改革的政策协同——“三医协同”如何影响医疗费用[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2025,65(01):119-136,237.
[5] 谭清立,李永盈,崔洪瑞.创新药医保谈判的博弈分析[J].卫生经济研究,2024,41(06):5-9,15.
[6] 谭清立,郭润镒,孙慧琳,等.药品集中带量采购与医保谈判政策的协同作用[J].中国药房,2021,32(15):1793-1799.
[7] 前瞻:创新药助力健康中国的三大切口——《聚力创新药行业,助力健康中国建设》报告发布[EB/OL].(2021-03-10)[2025-02-03].https://www.rdpac.org/index.php?r=site%2Fnews&id=184.
[8] 李婉.浅析集采常态化形势下辽宁医药产业发展对策[J].辽宁经济,2023(08):52-54.
[9] 高弘杨.创新药市场:药企正驶向何方[J].中国药店,2021(10):46-50.
[10] 陈小嫦,毛宗福,赖苑波.创新药物纳入医疗保障范围的必要性和可行性[J].中国卫生事业管理,2017,34(02):128-130,156.
[11] 孙志成,王舒琦,刘昭,等.利益相关者视角下创新药物筹资支付路径研究[J].卫生经济研究,2022,39(03):9-12,17.
[12] 沈杨阳.中国罕见病问题及综合保障机制研究[J].卫生经济研究,2024,41(12):1-6.
[13] 刘跃华,向贵圆,刘昭.我国抗肿瘤靶向药物医保政策实施现状与改进建议[J].中国药物经济学,2022,17(09):57-60,66.
[14] 杜雪,马珺,黎雯霞.药品带量采购存在的问题与对策分析[J].卫生经济研究,2020,37(08):42-44,49.
[15] 第一财经公众号“价格高,医保承受不来;价格低,企业活不下去!”中国创新药何去何从[EB/OL].(2024-10-24)[2025-01-20].https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/_H1mB41YNQXWqsJVnIcP6Q.
[16] Xu L, Chen M, Angell B, et al. Establishing cost-effectiveness threshold in China: a community survey of willingness to pay for a healthy life year[J]. BMJ Global Health, 2024(09): e013070.
[17] 蒋雨彤,谈在祥.我国药品带量采购政策实施效果及其优化建议[J].中国卫生事业管理,2022,39(04):287-291.
[18] 国家医保局.让创新药进得了医保也进得了医院[EB/OL].(2025-09-02)[2025-09-02]. https://www.nhsa.gov.cn/art/2025/9/2/art_14_ 17759.html.
[19] 胡善联.中国医保药品价格谈判回顾和展望[J].卫生经济研究,2024,41(01):9-13.
[20] 医保谈判新药入院难?专家解读如何打通“堵点”[EB/OL].(2020-04-20)[2021-05-13].http://health.people.com.cn/n1/2021/0420/c14739-32082223.html.
[21] 新华社.政策“及时雨”!十六条举措助力中国创新药加速跑[EB/OL].(2025-07-01)[2025-08-20].https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202507/content_7030309.htm.
[22] 王嘉韵,金春林,宋文华,等.商业健康保险与医药产业合作现状、问题以及协同发展建议:以上海市为例[J].中国卫生经济,2024,43(10):15-19.
[23] 上海市国有资产监督管理委员会.累计赔付金额已超22亿元!中国太保首席承保的2025版“沪惠保”参保开启[EB/OL].(2025-04-24)[2025-05-20].https://www.gzw.sh.gov.cn/shgzw_zxzx_gqdt/20250424/ddb59c0593a7406b8943cdb3b508f7e1.html.
[24] 医药魔方.来了!可带病参保的“北京普惠健康保”,每年195元可获百万保障!进口PD-1也可理赔![EB/OL].(2021-07-29)[2025-05-20].https://bydrug.pharmcube.com/news/detail/9108a19 6a633bc4331fb6ff0a69cbf84.
[25] 病痛挑战基金会ICF专注罕见病公众号.罕见病医疗援助工程江苏专项项目正式启动[EB/OL].(2022-03-01)[2025-06-01].https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/B7cBsqcRO9dSks6yjykoDg.
[26] 谭清立,高江源,林岱衡.药品集中带量采购政策与我国医保支付制度的协同作用探讨[J].中国药房,2021,32(02):146-151.
[27] 刘昭,张帆,向贵圆,等.基于风险管理的创新药支付准入案例分析及实施建议[J].中国医疗保险,2022(04):22-27.

更新日期/Last Update: 2026-06-03